Fundamental of Education
Introduction of education:
Education is a process. It helps
to make man human. Uneducated man is like an animal, man is the best creature
in the creation of God. Her intelligence, conscience, or judgment make her
stand out from the crowd. Education guides in making human life juicy.
Educators also call it a lifelong process. According to some, education begins
when the human baby is in the womb and ends in death. Every human being learns
something in his or her childhood, youth, age and old age. Education paves the
way for human life as well as educates human beings about the laws of nature,
so that human beings can justify their lives by investing in natural resources.
According to educator John Adams,
education is a two-way process. Two people are involved. One is a teacher (Educator) and the other is a student
(Educand). The educator does all his work and educates the students; But
according to John Dewey, education is a three-way process (Triangular process). According to John
Dewey, teachers teach students; however, teachers who teach about students need
to be considered. Each society has its own philosophy. The policy has been
enacted according to that philosophy. Environmental social skills have also
been determined. Therefore, it is the duty of the teacher to educate the
student about social values and skills.
When the learner understands the
information, he or she is able to put it into practice and make the daily life
more productive, beautiful and enriching. That’s why the environment around the
child has also been adopted as a backbone education family; But modern
educators differ. In their view, education is a multi-faceted or multi-pole
process (Multipolar Process), and they argue
that we are taking knowledge from the teacher as a backbone of education.
Similarly, we are learning something from radio, television, newspapers,
family. So they are the backbone of education.
Some educators describe education
as both a process
and Product. The knowledge gained through the learning process is considered
productive.
Meaning of Education-:
Education has two meanings. They
are broader and Narrower meaning of education
(A)
Narrower Meaning of Education:
In the opinion of those who support the narrow meaning of education, the
knowledge gained from schools, colleges and universities is called education.
There is an exchange of views between teachers and students in education. Those
who do not enroll in the above institutions and do not pass the exam are
considered uneducated. Certain courses are set in educational institutions. The
course helps teachers to understand the course through a specific discipline.
At the end of the school year, students have to test their knowledge and get a
certificate. Those who cannot prove their competence should be denied
certificates. Through this certificate, students apply for jobs in various
institutions. Priority is given to students with high quality certificates. According
to the opinion, the school is a temple of knowledge and only the keys to the
temple are in the hands of the teacher.
Positive view of the narrower meaning of education:
- 1. A
well-planned education system is only possible through educational
institutions.
- 2. Teaching methods are designed to
make teaching simple, beautiful and understandable. Education may not be
effective if everyone comes forward to endure. That's why teachers are trained.
- 3. The
interaction between the learners draws the learner to the learning.
Opposite the narrow meaning of
education: Many educators dislike the education system within these four walls.
"Education is more effective through nature," says the philosopher.
So it is not enough to have as much experience as you can from schools,
universities and colleges. Sometimes some of the developmental experiences that
come from the family are not found anywhere else. Sometimes four-Five-year-olds are shocked by
hundreds of intellectuals. So just reading and writing the material in the book
does not make the child a scholar. Not only schools, but also family members,
friends and acquaintances have a role to play in reforming the education and behaviour
of children.
(B) Broader
Meaning of Education:
The meaning and scope of education are vast.
"Education is older than human society." There is a hint of education
before creation. The education of every human being begins in the womb and ends
at the door of the Masani in the country. For example, according to mythology,
Abhimanyu lived in his mother's womb and learned martial arts from Arjuna.
Doctors say that when a child is in the mother's womb, the mother's mental and
physical condition are affected. If the mother lives in turmoil, the child
becomes restless after birth, irritable, annoyed by a few words. So we learn
something from each experience. Education is not the only place in education,
nor is it the only way teachers can help educate children. So there is
something to be learned from every experience of our daily lives. The child
learns something while playing, floating in the water, climbing a tree.
In the language of philosopher lodge, every experience
carries lessons. Even mosquito bites teach you something? (
Every
experience is said to be educative even the biting of the mosquito is also
educative ) Proponents of her
case have been working to make the actual transcript of this statement
available online. The person teaching in the classroom is not just a teacher.
Fathers, mothers, friends, siblings, neighbours can all become teachers. In the
same way, there is no end to education. It is lifelong. The aging old man
struggling with death also has something to learn. That’s why Heit Head says,
“Education has only one theme, that’s life”.
Positive view of the broader
meaning of education:
If a child accepts a teacher in a
classroom as a teacher, he or she may not be able to trust others. This means
that very few things can be known or learned in a lifetime. Sometimes it seems
that the child is not accepting highly educated, intelligent parents, and does
not readily accept the misinformation that comes out of the mouth of a teacher
in a random classroom; But she has to trust others. He needs to take the words
of otherwise people as teachers.
Negative view of the broader meaning of education-
Children are often more likely to
get into trouble because of the fact that they are educated in every age group,
or that they are educated in every place. As a child, children may not know
what is wrong. So sometimes you fall in love and learn bad things. Later it
becomes difficult to stop the child. Therefore, it is best for parents and
teachers to monitor the child's movements.
So much is said about the meaning
of education, that there is no such thing as good education or good education,
or that it would not be right to distort education by making narrow and
extensive money. Education is education. Experience that helps people develop
is a matter of education. Similarly, a person who is a guide in the
developmental progress of a child or a human being is a teacher.
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF EDUCATION:
According to scholars in ancient
India, the word "education" is derived from the Sanskrit word
"shas". It means 'discipline', 'restraint', 'command' or teach.
Therefore, education means teaching with discipline. Similarly, the unfamiliar
word ‘Vidya’ is derived from the Vid (Met) metal of the culture, which means
‘to know’ or to acquire knowledge. Therefore, it is believed that in ancient
India, the goal was to acquire knowledge by chaining the mind.
In English, the word 'education'
comes from four words, 'Educare', ' Educere', 'Educo' and 'Educatum' in Latin. 'Educare'
means To bring up, to nourish, 'Educere' means to lead out or to draw out,
'Educo' means the letter 'E' means out and 'duco' means to lead, 'Educatum'
means the act of teaching or training.
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Etymological meaning
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Meaning
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Educare
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To bring up, to nourish
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Educere
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To lead out or to draw out
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Educo
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The letter 'E' means out and 'duco' means to lead
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Educatum
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The act of teaching or training.
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Definitions of Education:
From the Vedic period to the modern era, Eastern and Western educators
have defined the definition of education in their own way. Just as seven blind,
elephant-shaped elephants have described the shape of an elephant in different
places, different educators have defined different aspects of education by
thinking about different aspects of education.
Concepts of Education as
given by Indian educationists /Philosopher:
According to Rigved: “Education is something
which makes man self-reliant and selfless”.
According to Upanishad: “Education is for
liberation”.
According to Bhagavad Gita: “Nothing is more
purifying on earth than wisdom.”
According to Shankaracharya: “Education is the
realization of self’.
According to Gunrunner: “Education is
self-realization and service to people”.
According to Kautilya: “Education means training of
the country and love of the nation”.
According to Panini: “Human education means the
training which one gets from nature”.
According to Vivekanand: “Education is the
manifestation of the divine perfection, already existing in man.”
According to Gandhi: “By education, I mean an
all-round drawing out of the best in the Child and man body, mind and spirit.”
According to Tagore: “The widest road leading
to the solution of all our problems is education.”
According to Sri Aurobindo: “Education which will
offer the tools whereby one can live for the divine, for the country, for
oneself and for others and this must be the ideal of every school which calls
itself national”.
Concepts of Education as defined
by Western philosophers.
According to Socrates: “Education means the
bringing out of the ideas of universal validity which are latent in the mind of
every man”.
According to Plato: “Education is the capacity to
feel pleasure and pain at the right moment. It develops in the body and in the
soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the perfection which he is capable
of.”
According to Aristotle: “Education is the
creation of a sound mind in a sound body. It develops man’s faculty, especially
his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth,
goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially consists.
According to Rousseau: “Education of man commences
at his birth; before he can speak, before he can understand he is already
instructed. Experience is the forerunner of the perfect”.
According toHerbert Spencer: “Education is
complete living”.
According to Heinrich Pestalozzi: “Education is
natural harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers”.
According to Friedrich Willian Froebel: “Education
is unfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ. It is the process
through which the child makes internal external”.
Types of Education:
Education is divided into three categories. These are - formal education, informal education and non - formal education.
(A)Formal education:
This education system is subject to certain rules and regulations. This is done intentionally and carefully. The purpose of the study is to determine the specific course, method of instruction, and discipline. Even teachers are hired for proper training. They enter the classrooms as scheduled and teach from specific courses in an appropriate manner. They are paid for it. This type of teaching only applies to school, college and university education. After completing the course here, the student has to get the certificate through the exam. In this education system, neither the teacher nor the learner can act at will. They have to work to maintain good relations within the scope of the policy rules. Anyone who acts illegally has to be punished. According to some educators, only through formal education can social values and skills be passed on to our new generations in a coordinated manner. According to them, there was a time when people made a living by making a living, and buying and selling was possible through the exchange of goods. That time has changed and the scope of human social relations has become very widespread in today's world. Not only this, with the help of human beings there are many options available to them and they have the right to choose their own path according to their own desires, intellect and strength. So if not taught through a well-coordinated education plan, it will be difficult for humans to find their place in today’s changing and complex world.
(B) Informal education:
Informal education does not have specific plans, policies, or rules. Its purpose is also predetermined. The student is not even aware of what to teach when it is taught. No teacher appointments or specific schedules are set for teaching here. The child suddenly acquires some learning skills as he or she walks around and talks to someone. This type of education can benefit families, radio, sports, etc. The child learns spontaneously while playing daily in the nature of his nature, while playing happily. The question then is, which of the two types of education should we focus on? Each education has its own strengths and weaknesses. In today’s society, both educations play an important role. Without a formal education system, it would not be possible to pass on social values and skills to present and future generations. Similarly, school education is not completely dependent on the way in which social change is taking place and how it is difficult to rely on any ideals. There are also many educational items around the school that are useful for everyday life. So both teachings have the potential to make human life juicy and beautiful.
(C) Non-formal education:
The non-formal education system is governed by certain rules and regulations. Its purpose and text are predetermined; However, this type of teaching is generally excluded from formal education. Unsurprisingly, some take it as an alternative to formal education and others call it a substandard education system, but it would not be an exaggeration to say that it is a new concept of the education system. Typically, the lessons learned from correspondence courses, summer education institutions, short curriculum schemes, open universities, broadcaster programs on radio, national service agencies, education centres, Bhagwat Tungi are informal.
For whom:
- Those who drop out of school for any reason before exceeding a certain level of education.
- First - for infants - mothers who do not have a special education system.
- Those who are over the age of reading.
- Those who want professional advancement.
- Those who do not have the opportunity to enrol in formal education.
- Those who want to know more.
Requirements:
- Unofficial education is as follows.
- To make education universal.
- Eliminating illiteracy in readers.
- To warn mothers to take care of their children.
- Lack of space in the formal education system.
- Where there is no formal education system.
- Lack of resources to open formal educational institutions.
- Studying with income.
- To provide educational opportunities to the indigenous, socially and economically disadvantaged people living in geographically isolated areas.
- Necessary steps for the success of non-formal education.
Functions of Education:
It is not easy to tell the difference between the meaning, purpose, and purpose of education. All that can be said is that education means, (What Education is?), Said the goal of education- (What Education Should do?), Said the work of education- (What Education does?), All that can be said is that education means, we have to understand. The wider the scope of education, the more diverse the work. According to the Kothari Commission, India's destiny is now determined in the classroom. Education is a powerful weapon of all kinds of change. Therefore, the status, progress, and prosperity of individuals, societies, groups, and nations depend on education. So, it can be said that the contribution of education to the status, progress and prosperity of the individual, society and the nation is great.
The work of education is differentiated by different educators, which are described below. Some say the work of education is biased.
Functions of Education
(A) Conservative Function (B) Progressive Function
According to those who emphasize the conservative nature of education, every nation has a great tradition and culture. It is the duty and responsibility of every citizen to respect its traditions and culture. Education makes people aware of this. Disregarding tradition and culture, the future still looks bleak. The rise of cultural civilization. Forgetting history, history cannot be created. There will be no interest in devoting oneself to the good of the nation, keeping in mind the ideals of the ancestors. Ideologists patronize this idea.
Pragmatists generally take on the developmental role of education. In their opinion, there is no need to cry for spilled milk, what is gone will never come back. The past is gone, and the future is not in our hands. So you have to think about it now. The world is changing. Change is happening so fast, it's old, it's old. It's becoming harder to live up to expectations. According to Heraclitus, "All things flow nothing abides. One cannot step twice into the same river. In to the same river, we step and do not step. We are and we are not."
So, innovation has to be found. You have to find out, you have to test, you have to ask and understand what others are saying. It doesn't work if you just hunt down the culture. Individuals, societies and nations must fight for the status quo, progress, prosperity and reform. Sometimes change has to be welcomed. The prevailing superstition must be avoided.
Both works have some flaws and good qualities. So it is not right to rely entirely on culture and tradition or to welcome innovation in the face of repeated progress. Culture and traditions need to be preserved, the necessary elements preserved, and the superstitions contained therein eliminated. If necessary, there is something to be done to enrich the tradition.
Some other educators divide the work into three categories. In their opinion, education does something for everyone, society, the nation.
The Functions of education
(A)Towards the individual :-
o Development of inherent energy
o Establishment of national and emotional solidarity
o Behavioural changes
o Growth
o Self-reliance
o Sermon
o Choosing a spouse
o Becoming a citizen
o Development of the person
o Guidance of congenital instability
(B) Towards the society:-
o Social change and control
o Reconstruction of experience
o Equality opportunities
o Social values
(C) Towards the nation:-
o Healthy leadership
o A sense of social and moral responsibility
o Character structure
o Creating international harmony
o Environmental awareness
o Overall development
o Creating international harmony
o Guidance of congenital instability
o Keep pace with the environment
o Concerning the formation of small families
o Acceleration of modernity
