What is political science ?
Ancient
Greece is considered to be a popular contribution to the world of Olympic
sports, political science and democracy. Both the word "politics" and
"political science" are derived from the Greek word
"polis". The word polis means "Nagara Rastra" or "City
state".
While there were many cities in ancient Greece, they also had their own
systems of government. Therefore, every city was recognized as a nation-state
and a city-state. Cities and nations were small in size and population. City
states such as Athens and Sparta were very popular. Citizens of the city were
called citizens.
Citizens were called "Politics" because of their direct
involvement in determining the "Principles of State".
'Rajaniti' is called politics in English. The term "politics"
was first used extensively by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC). His
book ‘Politics’ has gained a lot of fame for its comprehensive, Systematic and
analytical discussions. Its content is important not only in theory but also in
reality. It is like a pillar of light for political science and political
scientists. Written in the fourth century BC, more than 2,300 years later, it
is still considered to be one of the earliest introductory books on political
science. For this reason, Aristotle is called the father of political science.
According to Aristotle, "Man is a social animal." He is born into
society, develops into society, and dies in society. Without society, human
origin, status and progress are impossible. He can never be human, he can be
God or an animal, he can never live without society. Social sciences are called
social sciences, which are based on the behaviour and activities of human
beings. So political science is a social science. But instead of a common social
science, it is known as the best social science.
Political science is a progressive social science. It cannot be limited
to a fixed point, as the political behaviour and activities of the social
animal "man" are primarily political studies. From the economic age
of the ancient Greek city-state and the ancient Indian state of Kautilya to the
modern computer age, human civilization has undergone many changes, as well as
the scope and definition of political science. This is because the nature,
political behaviour and political activities of the nation are not stable. For
this reason, it distinguishes between ancient and modern definitions. The study
of political science, both ancient and traditional, was theoretical, formal,
and value-based. It could not be used directly in human services because it was
largely confined to the four walls of the academy. In the twentieth century,
its definition began to change due to its scientific, realistic, practical
perspectives, and interpersonal and group relationships. As political
scientists emphasize the various aspects and implications of this issue, there
is some inconsistency in their definitions, even though everyone acknowledges
the nation as its central point or main assembly. Probably a factor as to why
they're doing so poorly.
Below are some definitions of political
science.
According to pro. R.N. Gilchrist-
“political science is a study of the state and government.”
According to pro. J.W. Garner- “political
science beings and ends with the state.”
According to French political scientist
Paul Janet – “political science is that part of social science which treats of
the foundation of state and the principles of government.’’
According to Sir John Seeley – “Political
science investigates the phenomena of government as political economy deals
with wealth, biology with life, algebra with numbers and geometry with space
and magnitude”
According to Lasswell and
Kalpana-“political science is the study of the shaping and sharing of power.”
According to Pro. J.H. Laski-“The study of
politics concerns itself with the life of man in relations to organised state.”
According to George Catlin-“politics the
means study of the activities of political life and activities of the various
organs of Government.”
According to Modern definition -‘’In the
beginning of the 20th century there developed a new way of looking at political
science. This new approach is known as behavioural approach. The main thrust of
the new view is the treatment of politics as an activity and a process.’’
Scope of political science
The
boundaries or areas of study of political science, the topics that illuminate
and influence them, are called its scope. Like other things, its scope is
related to its meaning and definition. Political science is a broad and broad
spectrum. There is no consensus on its definition or nature. Because of this,
differences of opinion also arise about its scope. Again, this is a social
science that deals with the political institutions and political activities of
social animals and humans.
Some
things, such as political social science, prove it. Following such differences
and differences, the following elements or studies may be included in the field
of political science such as -state and government, relationship between
individual and the state, political theory, political philosophy, political
institutions, political dynamics, public administration, internal law,
relations and organizations etc.
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